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Crown closure is a term used in forestry. Crown closure and crown cover are two slightly different measures of the forest canopy and that determine the amount of light able to penetrate to the forest floor. Crown closure, also known as canopy closure, is an integrated measure of the canopy “over a segment of the sky hemisphere above one point on the ground" 〔Jennings, S.B., N.D. Brown, and D. Sheil. 1999. Assessing forest canopies and understorey illumination: Canopy closure, canopy cover and other measures. Forestry 72(1):59-73〕 Crown cover is the proportion of a stand covered by the crowns of live trees. A forest stand can have a crown cover of 100% and a crown closure less than 100%. Typical stands with 100% cover but low closure are coffee agroforestry stands, where overlapping parasol-shaped crowns ensure complete cover but still allow light to penetrate at an oblique angle to the forest floor. ==Basic concepts== Crown closure helps predict volume, stand density, crown width, and crown competition factor. Crown closure is often determined using aerial photographs because ground evaluations become difficult to obtain. Stands are usually placed in to different classes (1-6) after viewing the aerial photographs.〔(Brack, Chris. 1999. Crown Closure. ANU )〕 # Very Sparse 1-9% # Sparse 10-29% # Low 30-49% # Medium 50-69% # Dense 70-84% # Very Dense 85-100% Although sometimes referred to as canopy cover and canopy closure, crown closure is different from these two concepts. Canopy cover represents the aggregate of all vertically projected tree crowns onto the ground surface, while canopy closure represents the amount of the sky obscured by the canopy from a certain point on the ground.〔http://library.eri.nau.edu/gsdl/collect/erilibra/import/Egan_2010_FactSheet_CanopyCover.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Crown closure」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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